Option Network & Wireless Cards Driver

Find in-network doctors, hospitals and other health care professionals. Find In-Network Providers. Recently improved! Need to pay your Blue Option bill? The -rm option means to remove the container once it exits/stops. The -d flag means to start the container detached (in the background). Docker run -rm -d -network host -name mynginx nginx.

When it comes to watching TV, most TV shows people watch are on broadcast TV networks like CBS, ABC, FOX, NBC, etc. TV shows on those networks are consistently in the Nielsen ratings top 10. In this article, we explain in detail how to watch your local broadcast networks by streaming them live online or watching them live over the air with a TV antenna.

• Free Local TV
• Streaming Local Channels
• Watch Prime Time Network TV Online

Free Local TV

There are two ways to watch your local network TV channels for free.

Use a TV Antenna

Cable TV doesn't want you to know this, but local broadcast TV networks are available over the air simply using a TV antenna. In fact, today's antenna TV has a better picture than cable. These days, TV signals are digital, so you need a TV made after 2007 with a digital tuner.

Every TV I encounter can make use of a TV antenna. To make sure yours does, look for a coaxial port on the back or side of the television. If your TV is digital, then there will be a label with the letters 'HD,' 'ATSC,' 'HDTV,' or other words indicating the TV has a digital tuner. If your TV is not digital, you can convert it using a digital converter box.

Once you have a 'digital ready' TV, all you need to do is install a TV antenna. Antenna companies use the term 'digital antenna,' but that is just a marketing term. Any antenna can pick up the signal. It's the turner inside the TV's ability to read that digital signal that matters. You could use an antenna from the 1950s, and if the TV is digital (which mostly all made after 2007 are), you can use it.

While there are many types of antennas, and finding the perfect one requires some research, generally, if you live in a city or the suburbs, you can grab a $25 Flat TV antenna. The free return policy makes it no risk. If it doesn't get the channels you want, you can return it for your money back. If the flat antenna doesn't perform to your expectations, then check out the following instructional guides for more details on over the air TV.

• Learn How to Choose a TV Antenna
• Learn How to Use One Antenna for Multiple TVs
• Learn How to Ground a TV Antenna
• Learn how to Improve Antenna TV Reception
• Record from your Antenna with an Over the Air DVR

Free Channels Without an Antenna

You no longer need a cable or satellite TV subscription to watch your local TV channels. You can now stream local networks online using a live streaming service. You can even get a device like a Roku and watch them on your TV set. Some are even free, like Locast!

Locast provides local ABC, FOX, NBC, CBS, and more 100% free. You can even watch Locast using a streaming device. Locast supports Roku, Apple TV, Fire TV, and Android TV.

Locast is available in the following 29 TV markets:

Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Charlotte NC, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Houston, Indianapolis, Los Angeles, Madison WI, Miami, Minneapolis, New York, Orlando FL, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Puerto Rico, Rapid City, Sacramento, San Francisco, Scranton, Seattle, Sioux City, Sioux Falls, Tampa Bay, Washington D.C, and West Palm Beach FL.

You can read more in our review of Locast.

Streaming Local Channels

If you don't want to use an antenna, there are several ways to stream your local network channels. Locast is free, so it's the best option if the service is available in your area. The next best way to stream local ABC, NBC, Fox, and CBS are Hulu + Live TV and YouTube TV. They both offer a way to live stream major broadcast networks in nearly every market in the US. Other options to watch local channels are AT&T TV and FuboTV. However, they don't cover as many markets. Lastly, CBS All Access, Sling TV,Vidgo, and TVision stream some but not all of the big 4 local broadcast networks in some parts of the country.

We break down the local channel offers of each of these services in the sections below.

Local Channels on Hulu Live TV

Did you know Hulu streams Live TV? Hulu's Live service currently streams live ABC, NBC, FOX, CBS, in nearly every TV market, along with the CW in quite a few markets as well. You can check your zip code with Hulu to see which local channels are available in your area. It will also tell you which cable channels are available! You can get live FOX, CBS, ABC, and NBC in most U.S. These are the same local affiliate networks you see over the air and on cable TV.

They also stream just about every channel you can find on pay TV. There is no contract so that you can cancel at any time. Hulu's Live TV service is much cheaper than cable, starting at just $64.99 per month. That also includes Hulu's massive on-demand streaming library.

Hulu+live TV is supported on Roku, Fire TV Devices, Apple TV, Chromecast, Xbox One, iOS, Android, and more. You can find more information on the service in our Hulu review, along with a listing of all your local channels on Hulu. Download sirius usb devices drivers.

Local Channels on YouTube TV

YouTube TV is an equally great option for watching live ABC, CBS, Fox, The CW, and NBC. You can check your Zip Code on Youtube TVs Website to make sure those channels are available in your area. They are also one of the only live services to offer PBS in their channel lineup.

YouTube TV is also a top service for watching local and cable channels live online. The service costs $64.99 per month with no contract, so that you can cancel at any time. YouTube TV is available on Roku, Android, iOS (includes AirPlay to Apple TV), and Chromecasts/Chromecast-compatible TVs. You can see our in-depth review of YouTube TV for more information on their service.

Local Channels on Fubo TV

FuboTV offers live local Fox, ABC, NBC, and CBS in select markets. This service also includes networks known for sports like FS1, FS2, beIN Sports, NBCSN, BTN, and more. You can see what's available at FuboTV through this 1-week free trial. We cover this streaming service in-depth in our Review of FuboTV.

FuboTV is available on major platforms, including AppleTV, AndroidTV, Roku, and Amazon FireTV. The price of their 'Family Plan' is $64.99 per month after the free trial. That includes a cloud DVR with 250 hours of storage and the ability to watch on 3 devices at once.

AT&T TV Local Channels

AT&T TV is another streaming service that offers local channels in most TV markets in the United States. The service offers live ABC, NBC, FOX, CBS, The CW, and more for a price of $69.99 per month. A subscription to AT&T TV includes:

• watch 3 streams simultaneously per subscription
• a cloud-based DVR
• channels like Freeform, AMC, HGTV, Discovery, and more
• supported on AppleTV, Android TV, Roku, Amazon FireTV, and more

You can check out everything this service offers by taking a look at their promo page or read about it in our AT&T TV review.

More Limited Options

Sling TV offers only local FOX and NBC in select markets if you subscribe to Sling TV's 'Blue' channel package. You can watch Sling TV on Windows and Mac PCs and laptops, Android and iOS devices, Roku, Amazon Fire TV, Nexus player, Xbox One, 4th Generation Apple TV, Chromecast, and more. To find out more about what Sling TV offers and more information about Sling TV device compatibility, check out this detailed review of Sling TV. Sling offers a 3-day free trial.

CBS All Access provides the local live CBS broadcast markets across the U.S. Check the link to see if the live local feed is available in your area. If interested, you can check out this free trial to CBS All Access.

Vidgo streams Fox and ABC in around 100 markets around the country but doesn't offer NBC and CBS. Vidgo is supported on available on Android, iOS, Roku, Apple TV, Fire TV. You can also stream the service on up to 3 devices at the same time. We have the full details in our guide to Vidgo's live streaming service. They do offer a 3-day free trial, which you can cancel within the first three days at no charge.

TVision from T-Mobile offers local Fox, ABC, and NBC in quite a few markets. This service is only available to T-Mobile customers at the moment. You can read more about this streaming service in our review of TVision.

Watch Local Channels on Roku and Amazon Fire TV

Obviously, if you chose to use Hulu, YouTube TV, or Locast to stream your local broadcast channels, you can download the app to your streaming device and watch local TV. However, if you decided to go with a TV antenna, we need to go into a little more detail.

If you have a Roku TV instead of the standalone Roku device, a 'TV Antenna' Roku app reads input from the coaxial port on your Roku TV back. Connect your TV antenna to the port and turn on the TV Antenna app. You will have access to a program guide and all the channels your antenna receives. Amazon Fire Smart TV's have similar functionality.

If you don't have a Roku TV but a Roku device, you still may be able to use an antenna. However, you will need some additional hardware. Here are two solutions.

Tablo DVR – This is a DVR for your TV antenna. Your antenna plugs into Tablo DVR, and the Tablo plugs into your home router. From there, you can use the Roku table app to manage the DVR, watch live TV, and set recordings. Read more in our review of DVRs for your TV Antenna.

HDHomeRun Connect Duo – This device is not a DVR. It connects to your router via ethernet. You then connect a TV antenna to the HDHomeRun, and the TV signal is available on your home network through the HD HomeRun Roku app. This device is available through Amazon.

Of course, you can always hook the antenna to your TV, switch your TV input to Roku for streaming, and 'TV Antenna' to watch live TV. These solutions are more for the convenience of access to live TV through your Roku menu.

Watch Prime Time Network TV Online

If you aren't in a market where the streaming services listed above offer live local channels, they still stream content on demand. While you won't have local news, it will cover a lot of prime time network TV. They all provide free trials and no contract, so there is no risk to try them.

Stream Network Shows On-Demand

Another way catch to primetime network television is the combination of Hulu On-Demand, NBC Peacock, and CBS All Access. This combination will provide several hit primetime shows on CBS, ABC, NBC, FOX, and The CW. You can give Hulu a try to see if you like the service. If you're looking for PBS shows, they can be accessed through the PBS app. It is available on almost any device.

While CBS All Access, Hulu, and the PBS app is supported on most browsers, tablets, and smartphones, you probably want to watch these shows on television. To do that, all you need is a streaming device like Roku.

Open Networks Driver Download for windows. These devices connect to various video services over the internet using apps (also known as channels.) They then stream the video directly to your TV.

Watch Free with Network TV Apps

While you typically can't stream your local network through the apps below, they offer some free content. In most cases, the latest seasons of primetime shows are available to watch through these apps free. However, while there is free content, don't expect them to have everything you want to watch available.

NBC App

You can watch several NBC Shows using the NBC app or at NBC.com. They make you wait 8 days before watching the most current episode, but the full-length episodes are available for the current shows free on most streaming devices. You just need to search your devices channel store for the NBC App.

Current episodes for the following show's latest season were available through the NBC app: American Ninja Warrior, Connecting…, Dateline NBC, Ellen's Game of Games, Superstore, This Is Us, Transplant, The Voice, The Wall, and Weakest Link.

ABC App

While the ABC app requires a TV provider login for some content, current episodes of ABC shows available free. A 'lock' symbol identifies which episodes require you to link your participating TV provider account. However, Locked episodes for most shows will become available to watch without signing into your participating TV provider account 8 days after the episode first airs on TV.

I checked, and you can watch the latest episode of the following shows eight days after airing on ABC: 20/20, America's Funniest Home Videos, American Housewife, The Bachelorette, Black-ish, Card Sharks, Celebrity Family Feud, The Con, The Conners, Dancing with the Stars, Emergency Call, The Goldbergs, The Good Doctor, Grey's Anatomy, Match Game, Press Your Luck, Station 19, Supermarket Sweep, and Who Wants to Be a Millionaire.

The shows look to keep at least the last 5 episodes available free. You can download the app to your mobile or streaming device or watch on ABC's website.

Fox App

The Fox Now app does have many programming online for free, but it appears they delay current episodes if you don't have a valid cable or satellite TV account. Some shows seem that they are on more of a delay than others. However, there is a method to the madness.

Generally, without a TV provider, new episodes of returning FOX shows (i.e., shows that have been on the air more than 1 season), unlock 8 days after they air on TV. In some cases, only the most recent 5 episodes will be available free. So you can watch the latest episodes of The Simpsons and The Masked Singer. However, new shows like LA's Finest will be locked without a TV provider.

The Fox Now App is available on most streaming platforms.

The CW

The CW is great when it comes to watching broadcast TV online. They have up-to-date full-length episodes of 'Arrow,' 'Supernatural,' 'The Flash,' and more. Most of their shows are available soon after airing. The CW app is available in the channel store of most streaming devices.

PBS

PBS also does a great job of providing online content. You can stream the live feed of the local PBS member station in over 125 TV markets. See our guide to watching PBS online for details. Many Full-length episodes of PBS shows are available for free at PBS.com.

Looking For a Specific Local Network

If you are in a specific live local network, then check out the channel-specific articles below

For information on watching other TV channels online check out: How To Stream Specific TV Channels

If this article didn't answer your specific question, head over to our Home Page! It will guide you to affordable internet providers, streaming services to meet your needs, information on antennas, and many more tools and resources to help you save money on TV and Internet access.

For tips and tricks on cutting the cord and other tech topics be sure to join our Facebook Page.

Want to avoid expensive data cap fees from your cable internet provider? See our article on avoiding internet data cap fees by switching to Fios Internet.

With over 60 live channels including HGTV, AMC, Paramount Channel and more for just $20 per month, Philo TV is one of the best TV provider deals you 'll find online. Try a Free Trial to Philo Now! No credit card required!

Disney+ is offering an amazing deal combining Hulu, ESPN+, and Disney+ for just $12.99 per month! For more on the new Disney streaming service, check out our ultimate guide to Disney+

• 2Network Backends
  • 2.2Network backend types
    • 2.2.1User Networking (SLIRP)
• 3Virtual Network Devices
• 5Network HOWTOs
• 6Misc
  • 6.2Guest Hints

There are two parts to networking within QEMU:

• the virtual network device that is provided to the guest (e.g. a PCI network card).
• the network backend that interacts with the emulated NIC (e.g. puts packets onto the host's network).

There are a range of options for each part. By default QEMU will create a SLiRP user network backend and an appropriate virtual network device for the guest (eg an E1000 PCI card for most x86 PC guests), as if you had typed -net nic -net user on your command line.

Note - if you specify any networking options on the command line (via -net or -netdev) then QEMU will require you to provide options sufficient to define and connect up both parts. (Forgetting to specify the backend or the network device will give a warning message such as 'Warning: netdev mynet0 has no peer', 'Warning: hub 0 is not connected to host network' or 'Warning: hub 0 with no nics'; the VM will then boot but will not have functioning networking.)

Note - if you are using the (default) SLiRP user networking, then ping (ICMP) will not work, though TCP and UDP will. Don't try to use ping to test your QEMU network configuration!

Note - As this page is probably very brief or even incomplete you might find these pages rather useful:

• QEMU Networking on wikibooks.org, mainly dealing with Linux hosts
• QEMU Networking on bsdwiki, showing used networking principles and dealing with BSD hosts

How to create a network backend?

There are a number of network backends to choose from depending on your environment. Create a network backend like this:

The id option gives the name by which the virtual network device and the network backend are associated with each other. If you want multiple virtual network devices inside the guest they each need their own network backend. The name is used to distinguish backends from each other and must be used even when only one backend is specified.

Network backend types

In most cases, if you don't have any specific networking requirements other than to be able to access to a web page from your guest, user networking (slirp) is a good choice. However, if you are looking to run any kind of network service or have your guest participate in a network in any meaningful way, tap is usually the best choice.

User Networking (SLIRP)

This is the default networking backend and generally is the easiest to use. It does not require root / Administrator privileges.It has the following limitations:

• there is a lot of overhead so the performance is poor
• in general, ICMP traffic does not work (so you cannot use ping within a guest)
• on Linux hosts, ping does work from within the guest, but it needs initial setup by root (once per host) -- see the steps below
• the guest is not directly accessible from the host or the external network

User Networking is implemented using 'slirp', which provides a full TCP/IP stack within QEMU and uses that stack to implement a virtual NAT'd network.

A typical (default) network is shown below.

Note that from inside the guest, connecting to a port on the 'gateway' IP address will connect to that port on the host; so for instance 'ssh 10.0.2.2' will ssh from the guest to the host.

You can configure User Networking using the -netdev user command line option.

Option Network & Wireless Cards Drivers

Adding the following to the qemu command line will change the network configuration to use 192.168.76.0/24 instead of the default (10.0.2.0/24) and will start guest DHCP allocation from 9 (instead of 15):

You can isolate the guest from the host (and broader network) using the restrict option. For example -netdev user,id=mynet0,restrict=y or -netdev type=user,id=mynet0,restrict=yes will restrict networking to just the guest and any virtual devices. This can be used to prevent software running inside the guest from phoning home while still providing a network inside the guest. You can selectively override this using hostfwd and guestfwd options.

Enabling ping in the guest, on Linux hosts

• Determine the main group ID (or one supplementary group ID) of the user that will run QEMU with slirp.

• In /etc/sysctl.conf (or whatever is appropriate for your host distro), make sure that the whitespace-separated, inclusive group ID range in the net.ipv4.ping_group_range sysctl includes the above group ID.

For example, as root,

• add a new group called unpriv_ping:

• set this group for a number of users as another supplementary group (note, they will have to re-login):

Option Network & Wireless Cards Drivers

• then set both sides of the inclusive range in the above sysctl to the numeric ID of the new group:

Advanced user networking options

The -netdev user parameter has some more useful options:

• The DHCP address and name for the guest can be set with -netdev user,id=n0,host=addr,hostname=name
• You can specify the guest-visible virtual DNS server address with -netdev user,id=n0,dns=addr
• QEMU can simulate a TFTP server with -netdev user,id=n0,tftp=xxx,bootfile=yyy
• To share files between your guest and host, you can use -netdev user,id=n0,smb=dir,smbserver=addr
• To forward host ports to your guest, use -netdev user,id=n0,hostfwd=hostip:hostport-guestip:guestport

For details, please see the QEMU documentation.

Tap

The tap networking backend makes use of a tap networking device in the host. It offers very good performance and can be configured to create virtually any type of network topology. Unfortunately, it requires configuration of that network topology in the host which tends to be different depending on the operating system you are using. Generally speaking, it also requires that you have root privileges.

VDE

The VDE networking backend uses the Virtual Distributed Ethernet infrastructure to network guests. Unless you specifically know that you want to use VDE, it is probably not the right backend to use.

Socket

The socket networking backend allows you to create a network of guests that can see each other. It's primarily useful in extending the network created by the SLIRP backend to multiple virtual machines. In general, if you want to have multiple guests communicate, the tap backend is a better choice unless you do not have root access to the host environment.

How to create a virtual network device?

The virtual network device that you choose depends on your needs and the guest environment (i.e. the hardware that you are emulating). For example, if you are emulating a particular embedded board, then you should use the virtual network device that comes with embedded board's configuration. Such on-board NICs can be configured with the -nic option of QEMU. See the corresponding section below for details.

On machines that have a PCI bus (or any other pluggable bus system), there are a wider range of options. For example, the e1000 is the default network adapter on some machines in QEMU. Other older guests might require the rtl8139 network adapter. For modern guests, the virtio-net (para-virtualised) network adapter should be used instead since it has the best performance, but it requires special guest driver support which might not be available on very old operating systems.

Use the -device option to add a particular virtual network device to your virtual machine:

The netdev is the name of a previously defined -netdev. The virtual network device will be associated with this network backend.

Note that there are other device options to select alternative devices, or to change some aspect of the device. For example, you want something like:-device DEVNAME,netdev=NET-ID,mac=MACADDR,DEV-OPTS, where DEVNAME is the device (e.g. i82559c for an Intel i82559C Ethernet device), NET_ID is the network identifier to attach the device to (see discussion of -netdev below), MACADDR is the MAC address for the device, and DEV-OPTS are any additional device options that you may wish to pass (e.g. bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI device address), if supported by the device.

Use -device help to get a list of the devices (including network devices) you can add using the -device option for a particular guest.

Windows® Windows XP®(SP3 or greater) Windows Vista® Windows 7® Windows 8® Windows 10® Works with devices running Android®,Motorola OS, or Windows Mobile® operating systems. Mac OS X® Mac OS® 10.5.8 Leopard Mac OS® 10.6 Snow Leopard Mac OS® 10.7 Lion Mac OS® 10.8 Mountain Lion Mac OS® 10.10 Yosemite Works with devices running. Portable Device Drivers Download free download - Internet Download Manager, CopyTrans Drivers Installer, Download App, and many more programs. Download drivers for smartphones for free. Operating System Versions: Windows XP, 7, 8, 8.1, 10 (x64, x86) Category: Devices. Subcategory: smartphones. Popular Drivers. TV-tuners webcams other devices printers. Are you tired of looking for the drivers for your devices? DriverPack Online will find and install the drivers. Siliten mobile phones & portable devices driver download for windows 8.1. Download your phone specific drivers for your Android device. Windows PC/Laptop. An Android device. Steps to Install Android USB drivers on Windows. Extract the driver's archive file anywhere on your computer. Connect your Android device to your computer. Navigate to My Computer properties. In the left pane, you will find Device. Improvements and fixes. This update includes a fix for an incorrect device driver ('Microsoft – WPD – 2/22/2016 12:00:00 AM - 5.2.5326.4762') that was released by a third-party on March 8, 2017 that affected a small group of users with USB connected phones or other media devices that rely on Media Transfer Protocol (MTP).

The -nic option

In case you don't care about configuring every detail of a NIC, you can also create a NIC together with a host backend by using the -nic parameter. For example, you can replace

with:

Use -nic model=help to get a list of the supported NIC models.

If you don't care about the NIC model, you can also omit that option. So the shortest way to get a tap device is for example simply:

The NIC option should also be use to configure NICs on embedded systems (which can not be used via -device). For example, to connect such an on-board NIC to the tap backend and change its MAC-address, you can use the -nic option like this:

You can monitor the network configuration using info network and info usernet commands.

You can capture network traffic from within QEMU using the filter-dump object, like this:

Once you've shut down QEMU, you can examine the dump.dat file with tools like Wireshark. Please note that network traffic dumping can only work if QEMU has a chance to see the network packets, i.e. this does not work if you use virtio-net with vhost acceleration in the kernel.

How to get SSH access to a guest

A simplest way is to forward a specific host port to guest port 22. It can be done via:

The first line creates a virtual e1000 network device, while the second line created one user typed backend, forwarding local port 5555 to guest port 22. Then we can do:

to have SSH access to guest after its network setup (don't forget to turn off firewalls if there is any in the guest or host).

How to use tap with a wireless adapter on the host

See this:

How to disable network completely

Looking For a Specific Local Network

If you are in a specific live local network, then check out the channel-specific articles below

For information on watching other TV channels online check out: How To Stream Specific TV Channels

If this article didn't answer your specific question, head over to our Home Page! It will guide you to affordable internet providers, streaming services to meet your needs, information on antennas, and many more tools and resources to help you save money on TV and Internet access.

For tips and tricks on cutting the cord and other tech topics be sure to join our Facebook Page.

Want to avoid expensive data cap fees from your cable internet provider? See our article on avoiding internet data cap fees by switching to Fios Internet.

With over 60 live channels including HGTV, AMC, Paramount Channel and more for just $20 per month, Philo TV is one of the best TV provider deals you 'll find online. Try a Free Trial to Philo Now! No credit card required!

Disney+ is offering an amazing deal combining Hulu, ESPN+, and Disney+ for just $12.99 per month! For more on the new Disney streaming service, check out our ultimate guide to Disney+

• 2Network Backends
  • 2.2Network backend types
    • 2.2.1User Networking (SLIRP)
• 3Virtual Network Devices
• 5Network HOWTOs
• 6Misc
  • 6.2Guest Hints

There are two parts to networking within QEMU:

• the virtual network device that is provided to the guest (e.g. a PCI network card).
• the network backend that interacts with the emulated NIC (e.g. puts packets onto the host's network).

There are a range of options for each part. By default QEMU will create a SLiRP user network backend and an appropriate virtual network device for the guest (eg an E1000 PCI card for most x86 PC guests), as if you had typed -net nic -net user on your command line.

Note - if you specify any networking options on the command line (via -net or -netdev) then QEMU will require you to provide options sufficient to define and connect up both parts. (Forgetting to specify the backend or the network device will give a warning message such as 'Warning: netdev mynet0 has no peer', 'Warning: hub 0 is not connected to host network' or 'Warning: hub 0 with no nics'; the VM will then boot but will not have functioning networking.)

Note - if you are using the (default) SLiRP user networking, then ping (ICMP) will not work, though TCP and UDP will. Don't try to use ping to test your QEMU network configuration!

Note - As this page is probably very brief or even incomplete you might find these pages rather useful:

• QEMU Networking on wikibooks.org, mainly dealing with Linux hosts
• QEMU Networking on bsdwiki, showing used networking principles and dealing with BSD hosts

How to create a network backend?

There are a number of network backends to choose from depending on your environment. Create a network backend like this:

The id option gives the name by which the virtual network device and the network backend are associated with each other. If you want multiple virtual network devices inside the guest they each need their own network backend. The name is used to distinguish backends from each other and must be used even when only one backend is specified.

Network backend types

In most cases, if you don't have any specific networking requirements other than to be able to access to a web page from your guest, user networking (slirp) is a good choice. However, if you are looking to run any kind of network service or have your guest participate in a network in any meaningful way, tap is usually the best choice.

User Networking (SLIRP)

This is the default networking backend and generally is the easiest to use. It does not require root / Administrator privileges.It has the following limitations:

• there is a lot of overhead so the performance is poor
• in general, ICMP traffic does not work (so you cannot use ping within a guest)
• on Linux hosts, ping does work from within the guest, but it needs initial setup by root (once per host) -- see the steps below
• the guest is not directly accessible from the host or the external network

User Networking is implemented using 'slirp', which provides a full TCP/IP stack within QEMU and uses that stack to implement a virtual NAT'd network.

A typical (default) network is shown below.

Note that from inside the guest, connecting to a port on the 'gateway' IP address will connect to that port on the host; so for instance 'ssh 10.0.2.2' will ssh from the guest to the host.

You can configure User Networking using the -netdev user command line option.

Option Network & Wireless Cards Drivers

Adding the following to the qemu command line will change the network configuration to use 192.168.76.0/24 instead of the default (10.0.2.0/24) and will start guest DHCP allocation from 9 (instead of 15):

You can isolate the guest from the host (and broader network) using the restrict option. For example -netdev user,id=mynet0,restrict=y or -netdev type=user,id=mynet0,restrict=yes will restrict networking to just the guest and any virtual devices. This can be used to prevent software running inside the guest from phoning home while still providing a network inside the guest. You can selectively override this using hostfwd and guestfwd options.

Enabling ping in the guest, on Linux hosts

• Determine the main group ID (or one supplementary group ID) of the user that will run QEMU with slirp.

• In /etc/sysctl.conf (or whatever is appropriate for your host distro), make sure that the whitespace-separated, inclusive group ID range in the net.ipv4.ping_group_range sysctl includes the above group ID.

For example, as root,

• add a new group called unpriv_ping:

• set this group for a number of users as another supplementary group (note, they will have to re-login):

Option Network & Wireless Cards Drivers

• then set both sides of the inclusive range in the above sysctl to the numeric ID of the new group:

Advanced user networking options

The -netdev user parameter has some more useful options:

• The DHCP address and name for the guest can be set with -netdev user,id=n0,host=addr,hostname=name
• You can specify the guest-visible virtual DNS server address with -netdev user,id=n0,dns=addr
• QEMU can simulate a TFTP server with -netdev user,id=n0,tftp=xxx,bootfile=yyy
• To share files between your guest and host, you can use -netdev user,id=n0,smb=dir,smbserver=addr
• To forward host ports to your guest, use -netdev user,id=n0,hostfwd=hostip:hostport-guestip:guestport

For details, please see the QEMU documentation.

Tap

The tap networking backend makes use of a tap networking device in the host. It offers very good performance and can be configured to create virtually any type of network topology. Unfortunately, it requires configuration of that network topology in the host which tends to be different depending on the operating system you are using. Generally speaking, it also requires that you have root privileges.

VDE

The VDE networking backend uses the Virtual Distributed Ethernet infrastructure to network guests. Unless you specifically know that you want to use VDE, it is probably not the right backend to use.

Socket

The socket networking backend allows you to create a network of guests that can see each other. It's primarily useful in extending the network created by the SLIRP backend to multiple virtual machines. In general, if you want to have multiple guests communicate, the tap backend is a better choice unless you do not have root access to the host environment.

How to create a virtual network device?

The virtual network device that you choose depends on your needs and the guest environment (i.e. the hardware that you are emulating). For example, if you are emulating a particular embedded board, then you should use the virtual network device that comes with embedded board's configuration. Such on-board NICs can be configured with the -nic option of QEMU. See the corresponding section below for details.

On machines that have a PCI bus (or any other pluggable bus system), there are a wider range of options. For example, the e1000 is the default network adapter on some machines in QEMU. Other older guests might require the rtl8139 network adapter. For modern guests, the virtio-net (para-virtualised) network adapter should be used instead since it has the best performance, but it requires special guest driver support which might not be available on very old operating systems.

Use the -device option to add a particular virtual network device to your virtual machine:

The netdev is the name of a previously defined -netdev. The virtual network device will be associated with this network backend.

Note that there are other device options to select alternative devices, or to change some aspect of the device. For example, you want something like:-device DEVNAME,netdev=NET-ID,mac=MACADDR,DEV-OPTS, where DEVNAME is the device (e.g. i82559c for an Intel i82559C Ethernet device), NET_ID is the network identifier to attach the device to (see discussion of -netdev below), MACADDR is the MAC address for the device, and DEV-OPTS are any additional device options that you may wish to pass (e.g. bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI device address), if supported by the device.

Use -device help to get a list of the devices (including network devices) you can add using the -device option for a particular guest.

Windows® Windows XP®(SP3 or greater) Windows Vista® Windows 7® Windows 8® Windows 10® Works with devices running Android®,Motorola OS, or Windows Mobile® operating systems. Mac OS X® Mac OS® 10.5.8 Leopard Mac OS® 10.6 Snow Leopard Mac OS® 10.7 Lion Mac OS® 10.8 Mountain Lion Mac OS® 10.10 Yosemite Works with devices running. Portable Device Drivers Download free download - Internet Download Manager, CopyTrans Drivers Installer, Download App, and many more programs. Download drivers for smartphones for free. Operating System Versions: Windows XP, 7, 8, 8.1, 10 (x64, x86) Category: Devices. Subcategory: smartphones. Popular Drivers. TV-tuners webcams other devices printers. Are you tired of looking for the drivers for your devices? DriverPack Online will find and install the drivers. Siliten mobile phones & portable devices driver download for windows 8.1. Download your phone specific drivers for your Android device. Windows PC/Laptop. An Android device. Steps to Install Android USB drivers on Windows. Extract the driver's archive file anywhere on your computer. Connect your Android device to your computer. Navigate to My Computer properties. In the left pane, you will find Device. Improvements and fixes. This update includes a fix for an incorrect device driver ('Microsoft – WPD – 2/22/2016 12:00:00 AM - 5.2.5326.4762') that was released by a third-party on March 8, 2017 that affected a small group of users with USB connected phones or other media devices that rely on Media Transfer Protocol (MTP).

The -nic option

In case you don't care about configuring every detail of a NIC, you can also create a NIC together with a host backend by using the -nic parameter. For example, you can replace

with:

Use -nic model=help to get a list of the supported NIC models.

If you don't care about the NIC model, you can also omit that option. So the shortest way to get a tap device is for example simply:

The NIC option should also be use to configure NICs on embedded systems (which can not be used via -device). For example, to connect such an on-board NIC to the tap backend and change its MAC-address, you can use the -nic option like this:

You can monitor the network configuration using info network and info usernet commands.

You can capture network traffic from within QEMU using the filter-dump object, like this:

Once you've shut down QEMU, you can examine the dump.dat file with tools like Wireshark. Please note that network traffic dumping can only work if QEMU has a chance to see the network packets, i.e. this does not work if you use virtio-net with vhost acceleration in the kernel.

How to get SSH access to a guest

A simplest way is to forward a specific host port to guest port 22. It can be done via:

The first line creates a virtual e1000 network device, while the second line created one user typed backend, forwarding local port 5555 to guest port 22. Then we can do:

to have SSH access to guest after its network setup (don't forget to turn off firewalls if there is any in the guest or host).

How to use tap with a wireless adapter on the host

See this:

How to disable network completely

If you don't specify any network configuration options, then QEMU will create a SLiRP user network backend and an appropriate virtual network device for the guest (eg an E1000 PCI card for most x86 PC guests). If you don't want any networking at all you can suppress this default with:

The more general option -nodefaults also suppresses the default networking configuration, as well as the creation of several other default devices.

Setting up taps on Linux

For Linux with iproute2 and tap/tun support, this can be configured as below, and assumes the reader has experience using iproute2 (at least ip-addr and ip-link). Take note of the host's physical devices' configuration, as the bridge created will become the new endpoint for the physical device. Note that this WILL cause the host's networking on that physical device to go out, possibly requiring a reboot for remote systems!

At this point, the bridge works, but is not usable as it does not have an IP address. For reassigning the physical device's addresses for the bridge to be usable:

This can be automated with a shell script to setup tap networking on remote hosts; as mentioned above, connection will be lost upon setting the physical device's master to a bridge.

Please note that the newly-created tap device's link may need to be set to UP via ip-link after a virtual machine has been started. Furthermore, as a bridge device basically acts as the new endpoint for a physical device, most normal networking commands, such as a DHCP client or packet sniffer, must be ran on the bridge instead of the physical device. Creating multiple bridges per interface is known (anecdotally) to be problematic; instead, create a tap for each virtual machine using a single bridge for each physical device to be used.

TODO LIST

• Use tap to let guests be visible on the host network for non-Linux.
• Pass QEMU a physical card rather than emulation/simulation.

The legacy -net option

QEMU previously used the -net nic option instead of -device DEVNAME and -net TYPE instead of -netdev TYPE. This is considered obsolete since QEMU 0.12, although it continues to work.The legacy syntax to create virtual network devices is:

You can use -net nic,model=? to get a list of valid network devices that you can pass to the -net nic option. Note that these model names might be different from the -device ? names and are therefore only useful if you are using the -net nic,model=MODEL syntax.

The obsolete -net syntax automatically created an emulated hub with ID 0 (used to be called a 'VLAN' in older versions of QEMU, for virtual LAN) that forwards traffic from any device connected to it to every other device on the 'VLAN'. If you need more than one hub in recent versions of QEMU, you can do this with the 'hubport' backend, e.g. by using -nic hubport,hubid=1.

Guest Hints

Linux

Should work using default network settings.

Mac OS 9

If having problems, open the TCP/IP control panel. Under 'Connect via:' select Ethernet. Under 'Configure' select 'Using DHCP Server'. Close the control panel. Wait a few seconds then try opening it again. The fields in the window should have been auto-populated.

Mac OS 10.2

Starting with QEMU 2.11, the SunGEM NIC can be used. Open the System Preferences, go to the Network pane. You should see a dialog box telling you it has found a new network interface card. Click the Ok button. Click the 'Apply Now' Button at the bottom of the window. The fields in the TCP/IP tab should populate.

Mac OS 10.4

or

Open System Preferences and go to the Network pane. Select the Ethernet Adapter from the 'Show' drop down menu. From the TCP/IP tab, push the Apply Now button at the bottom. This will make the nic work.

Windows NT 4.0

Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 7

Windows will automatically detect and use the NIC.

React OS